1. Variety characteristics: Western squash is commonly called winter squash (C.maxina), and the main fine varieties are Dongsheng pumpkin, Xindongsheng pumpkin and so on. The peel is orange-red, the fruit is high spherical, the fruit weight is about 1.0-2.5 kg, the flesh is yellow, the powder is sweet, and the flavor is excellent. It is harvested about 40 days after flowering. It is resistant to storage and suitable for long-distance transportation. The main varieties of the country before the country are red rose pumpkin and so on.
2. Climate adaptability Western pumpkin likes a cool and mild climate, the maximum temperature does not exceed 30 ℃, and it can still grow and bear melons normally. Pumpkins adapt to cool climates with a temperature between 15-28°C. At this time, the fruit contains higher starch content and better quality. If the temperature exceeds 30°C, it is susceptible to viral diseases. Hongsheng pumpkin has strong cold resistance. When the temperature is below 12°C, the growth of the plant will slow down. When the temperature is below 8°C, the growth will basically stop, and there will be slight cold damage. Attention must be paid to climate change and cold-proof treatment. At low temperature, short-day male flowers occur earlier, that is, the male flowers are located at a lower node, and they are easy to bear fruit. At high temperature and long-day, male flowers occur later, that is, the fruit node is higher. Pumpkin is a positive vegetable. It grows normally in an environment with sufficient sunshine, and the fruiting rate is high. When the sunshine is insufficient, especially when it is rainy during the flowering period, it is easy to grow leggy and drop flowers and fruits.
3. Soil adaptability: Western pumpkin has a well-developed root system, deep and wide distribution, strong fertility and water absorption, and is quite resistant to barrenness and drought. Pumpkin soil is ideal for loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, good drainage and high organic matter content, but pumpkin roots have strong adaptability. Get a fairly high yield. Soil pH value between 5.5-7.7 is suitable.
4. Cultivation management: 1. Planting period: The suitable planting period of red rose pumpkin is quite different depending on the region, and in order to consider factors such as its economy, marketability and storage, in principle, it should be cultivated in the warm, cool and dry season. appropriate. Therefore, the sowing period is from 10 to December in the south, and from February to March in the north. Northern Hainan can be sown after September 25 at the earliest, and the southern part is better after October 5. 2. Soak the seedling seeds in warm water for 8-12 hours, remove and dry the surface water for germination. The optimum germination temperature is between 25-30 °C. When the buds reveal the seed shells, sow them into the plug trays or raise the seedlings away from the pot. In the (bag), when the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves unfolded to the field, the robust seedlings with stubby stems (hypocotyls) and large and upright cotyledons should be selected for colonization. The root regeneration of pumpkin is slightly poor, and the root system should be protected as much as possible when planting in the seedling stage. The seedlings should be squatted before planting. It can also be broadcasted directly after germination. After the cultivation ridges are set, broadcast directly when the soil is moist, and then cover with film. When the soil is exposed, the film is broken in time, and the soil is covered to press holes to prevent scalding the seedlings. 3. Land preparation for border planting: After cultivating the soil, plant one row of 2-2.5 meters, and 2 rows of 4-4.5 meters to make furrows, and re-apply base fertilizer, 1000-200Okg of decomposed organic fertilizer per mu, and 200 catties of unconditional per mu. Decomposed chicken manure, high-potassium ternary compound fertilizer 13-15 kg, land preparation for furrows, 30-50cm distance between them. Single or double row colonization. After the trough is set, the slow seedling water should be poured in time. Since the red-skinned pumpkin is an old ripe melon, the continuous melon holding capacity is poor when the nutrition is insufficient, and high-density cultivation is the main way to obtain high yield. The specific method is to ditch the line at 4 meters, plant two rows for climbing, the plant spacing is 30-35cm, and plant 800-1000 plants. And take single vine pruning method. 4. Fertilization: Pumpkin has a strong ability to absorb fertilizer, and should be re-applied with basic fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer. If too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied in the early stage, it will easily cause leggy and flower drop. Generally, in the seedling stage, 5-8kg of three-element compound is applied per mu (as water and fertilizer) to promote strong seedling. . After emergence and in combination with pest control, spraying 'one-spray green amino acid nutrient solution' or 'beautiful melon and shellfish high-efficiency nutrient solution' can greatly reduce the occurrence of virus diseases, improve yield and quality, and reduce the production of flower melons in about 10 days. 5. Pruning The methods of pruning include non-pruning, single-vine pruning, double-vine pruning, and three-vine pruning. The method is long-term and has many results, saving labor and time, but the size of the fruit is different, and the uniformity and commerciality are poor. Single-vine pruning and double-vine pruning are fine cutting and cultivation that strictly control the number of vines and fruiting parts. Although it is more labor-intensive, the fruit shape is large and neat, and the commerciality is good, which can ensure fruit quality and yield. There are two methods for double vine branches: one is to keep the main vine, select a sub-vine with a similar growth at the base, and remove the rest of the sub-vines. Due to the early results of the main vines, the harvesting period can be advanced 3-5 days. The other is to top the main vine when the seedling has 4-5 true leaves. When the side vines grow, select two sub-vines with the same vigor to grow in parallel, and strive for two vines to bear fruit at the same time. Neat and easy to manage. Generally, the planting density of double-vine pruning is 600-800 plants. In recent years, in order to seek high quality and high yield, people have adopted high-density cultivation, planting 900--1000 plants per mu. This method has strong growth potential, few diseases and insect pests, short growth period, and early maturity. Good, the melon is big and high quality, suitable for fine cultivation of enterprises. 6. Pollination and keeping melons: 3-4 melons are left on the pruning branches of the double vines. The male flowers at the 8-12th true leaf node of the main vines start to keep the melons, and the second male flowers of the sub-vines start to keep the melons. If the growth potential is strong, they should be kept in advance. For melons, the growth potential is weak, and the melons should be kept after the three male flowers. After the remaining melon is firmly seated, when the size of a fist, leave a certain leaf at the end of the branch, and leave 1-2 female flowers before topping, so as to strive for more melons and promote the rapid expansion of the fruit. For single-vine high-density cultivation, the topping is generally performed after the second melon is produced after the first three knots. The first melon node is generally located at the 8th to 12th true leaves, 1-1.2 meters away from the root. For high-density single-vine cultivation, keep the first melon at the 8-13th section, and 3-4 true leaves and a female flower after the topping, and then leave the second melon for high-quality and high-yield. 7. Pest control: Pest control mainly includes the following: powdery mildew, virus disease, vine blight, gray mold; root-knot nematode, melon thrips, Liriomyza sativa, aphids, etc. Prevention is carried out. Powdery mildew is mainly treated with triazolones, myclobutanil and a spray green; viral diseases are mainly treated with Haopu, Zhibingling, virus must be overcome, and bacteria must be restrained in combination with 'Yifengyuan' and 'Liangguabei' into a comprehensive prevention and treatment. The vine blight and fusarium wilt are mainly treated with gram bacteria, bacteria must be eliminated, or copper preparations by irrigating roots and spraying. Avermectins are better for Liriomyza sativae; Aphids and thrips are better to be drenched with cockroaches. Refer to the control of melons for other pests and diseases. 8. Other management: There are adventitious roots on the pumpkin stems, which can fix the vines and increase the absorption of nutrients. The roots can be allowed to extend into the soil, or they can be cultivated on a trellis. The trellis can avoid fruit rot in the rainy season. In the rainy season, the fruit is easy to rot when it is in contact with the soil surface. In the young fruit stage, it is advisable to use bamboo sheets, straw pads, or foam boards and foam lunch box pads, which can effectively prevent rot and uneven coloring to improve quality. A. Prevention and control of sunburn During the swelling stage, if the light is too strong, the water content of the red-skinned pumpkin is small, the skin is thin, and under strong direct light, a large number of sunburns are prone to occur. The symptoms are red and purple and then gradually white. In case of rain, it will cause a cancerous surface and lose the value of commodities. During the puffing period, you should try to shade and avoid direct sunlight. In the middle and late stage of puffing, you can cover it with grass or melon leaves, and the effect is good. B. Prevention and control of leprosy In wet fields, red-skinned pumpkins are prone to produce a large number of nodules when they are attached to the ground. Even if it rains 7 days before harvesting, this kind of small bumps can also occur, which seriously affects the appearance. In addition, the virus infection caused the skin of the melon to be bulging, the skin of the affected area was thick and hard, and there were water-soaked plaques in the flesh of the melon, resulting in a decline in quality and extremely poor sensory properties. There are three prevention and control measures for leprosy melons: first, pad melons, which should not absorb water or accumulate water, preferably foam boards; second, choose appropriate planting and planting to avoid virus infection; third, harvest in time to reduce the number of on-site time. C. Measures to reduce the yin and yang sides During the puffing period, the melons are raised, and the yin sides are turned up every 5-7 days to reduce the contact with the ground. Maximum exposure to light, to ensure consistent thickness of pulp. Red-skinned varieties can be cultivated by hanging to ensure consistent coloration. 9. Harvest The red pumpkin can be harvested 30-45 days after the fruit is set. Mainly pick old ripe melons. The mature sign of old ripe melons is the longitudinal crack of the fruit stalk, showing white stripes, the stalk of the melon is nearly green, the peel is bright red, and it is difficult to pinch with a fingernail on a sunny day, and the flesh is sweet. Harvesting should be carried out after the dew has dried on a sunny day to prevent damage. After the fruit stalk is watered and dried, it should be stored in a ventilated and dry place, generally no more than two layers, and stored in stages, and the rotten melon should be removed in time to avoid infection. The fruit can be stored for more than 4 months; it can be stored indoors for about 1 month in hot weather. The peel may be slightly deteriorated and discolored, but it does not affect the internal quality. With the extension of the storage period, although the powder quality of the red pumpkin decreased, the monosaccharide content increased, and the meat quality was more powdery and rosin sweet.
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