1. Cultivation season: Generally, it can be cultivated in spring and autumn. In autumn, it is sown from mid-July to September, and harvested from early October to February; for spring cultivation, it is sown from December to January, and harvested from late April to early May. Most of the plants are cultivated in autumn.
2. Sowing and raising seedlings: Sowing and raising seedlings is the key to high yield of broccoli. The suitable sowing period in our city is from the end of July to September. If sowing is too early, the physiological phenomenon of "cat's eye" may occur. If sowing is too late, the low temperature in the later stage of growth will affect the yield and quality. The seedbed should choose a loose soil with high terrain, good drainage and rich organic matter, and the seed amount per mu is 12.5-15g. Due to the high price of seeds, it is possible to use nutritional pots for seedlings or on-demand seedlings. It can also be mixed with other fried seeds with a particle size similar to that of broccoli. If the seedbed is a vegetable field, fertilization is generally not required; the topsoil of the bed soil must be fine, and it should be watered before sowing to maintain moisture. It is advisable to cover the seeding hole with fine soil. Then cover the film to retain water, and immediately cover the film with a thick layer of straw, peanuts or corn stalks, etc. The thickness of the cover should be such that there is no heat inside the film, and the cover should be removed immediately after the seeds germinate (generally no more than 2 nights) . After emergence, use a small arched shed to cover the shade net to cover and cool down. Generally, cover it from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm, and remove it for the rest of the time. Then gradually reduce the covering time, and remove it 3-4 days before planting to strengthen the seedlings to prevent leggy growth. ; In case of heavy rain, cover the top of the seedbed with film to avoid rain and prevent lodging. When the seedlings have 2-3 leaves, false planting should be carried out. During the seedbed, the damage of cabbage caterpillar and twill beetle should be controlled. times (10mm with 30 catties of water) for prevention and control.
3. Land preparation and planting: Generally, ditch and apply base fertilizer before planting, apply 1500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 20kg of compound fertilizer or 20kg of superphosphate + 20kg of compound fertilizer + 10kg of potassium chloride, and 1kg of borax can be applied in boron-deficient areas. Larger fields should be applied sparingly. When the seedling age is 25-28 days, the plants have 5-6 true leaves. The density per mu is 1800-2000 plants. The manufacturer requires that the density of small curds can be increased appropriately, and the density is 2000-2300 plants per mu. After planting, use water to stagnate the roots, and apply lightly after living trees, and apply about 2.5kg of urea per mu. In case of long-term arid climate during planting, planting without ploughing the land can better protect the moisture content of the seedlings, and apply a small amount of superphosphate in the hole during planting, and the amount per mu is about 20kg. Before the plant is sealed, ditch and apply compound fertilizer 20— 25kg.
4. Do a good job in field management: Broccoli needs to be warm and moist, and the soil should be kept moist during the slow seedling period, especially in the period of vigorous leaf cluster growth and fertilization period of flower bud development, and sufficient water should be ensured. - Water once a day; in case of rainy years, it should also be drained in time to prevent water accumulation in the fields. In the early stage of growth, the seedling vigor is poor, and topdressing should be lightly applied. Generally, 5kg of urea is applied per mu. During the budding stage and the hypertrophy stage of the curd, topdressing should be based on the growth conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied. The effect of applying compound fertilizer is better. . The broccoli plants are tall, and fertilization should be combined with fertilization to carry out timely weeding and soil cultivation to prevent lodging before closing;
Before the curd swells, combine with cultivating weeding and soil moisture to remove lateral branches. The soil should not be too high to avoid root suffocation, browning and rot.
5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The main diseases are blight at the seedling stage, downy mildew and black rot at the later stage, which can be controlled with 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times solution or 100-120ml/L agricultural streptomycin. Insect pests mainly include cabbage caterpillar, aphids, diamondback moth and twill scabbard, which can be controlled by 2.5% enemy 2,000 times, 1,500 times of fetabol and 1,500 times of insecticide (10mm mixed with 30 catties of water).
6. Harvesting: Harvest in time according to the different specifications of broccoli from the market and processing plants. Small curds are generally harvested when the diameter of the curd is 12-14cm and the weight of a single ball is about 150g; The flower ball can reach 500-600g.
Broccoli quality standard
1. Freshness: After the raw materials are harvested, they should be sent to the factory in time. The raw materials must be fresh, and there should be no stale phenomena such as dryness and discoloration.
2. Color: emerald green, the color is more consistent, and there can be no heterochromatic buds. A few purple spots are allowed.
3. Flavor: It has the proper taste and fragrance of broccoli, without peculiar smell.
4. Organizational morphology: The tissue is fresh and tender, the buds are tight, the buds are not open, and the shape is complete. No pests and diseases, no blooming and turning yellow.
5. Varieties and specifications: Green belts and other varieties are used. Its varieties and specifications should meet the requirements of production or customers.
Six, foreign bodies: no metal, insects, bamboo and wood chips, etc.
(Note: This article is reproduced for reference only)